Brick kiln



JQG. NDBRSON.

GK K'VILN. l

(No Model.)

" BBI Patented Mar. `2'7,

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(No Model.) l 'zsheens-#sheen 4.

J.'C. ANDERSON'.

vBMGKKILN,I

l Patented Mar. Z7,` 1888-- @ziek/igor l I L I I I Il (No Model.) 7 shets-snen 5. I

l J. C. ANDERSON.

BRICK KILN, y

Patented Mm'.y 27, '1888.

N. nu NG Am .B C, l

' (No Model.)

N8.8f/'8,928'.v Patented Mar. 27,1888.-A

5i/vena) .for Marg/m NA PETERS. Phnlvlhugrlphef. Washing D. C.

y UNITEDA STATES" PATENTy OFFICE.

JAMES o. ANDERSON, or HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 379,927, dated March 27, 1888.,

Application filed January 13, 1888. Serial No. 260,657. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES C. ANDERSON, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Highland Park, in the county of Lake and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful `Improvements in Kilns for VBurning Brick, of which the following is a do duty in drying and gradually heating the.

brick to'be burned, a good type of -which is the well-known Hoffman kiln; but in all such kilns the brick to be burned must be set in the various departments of the kiln in units and removed from the same department, after the drying and burning have taken place, by the same slow process.

Attem pts have been made to load the bricks upon small movable platforms, where they have. been gradually moved through a single y channel-way, much like a smoke-stack laid upon its side, allowing the brick to come in the top or smoke end through the tail of the ame gradually to the hotter part and source thereof', such attempts being non-productive of practical results. In.all cases where motion vWas imparted to the body to be burned, the

object sought after was the moving forward of the body through' a single channel-way, dur ing the burning operation alone, and no tangible advance had been conceived `or means afforded for transporting the brick beyond this point upon suitable vehicles to the point of delivery in the different cities of theA country in the original package upon which they were .placed directlyl from the molding mechanism.

My invention relates, broadly, in providing a kiln in which a procession of the green brick will pass side by side in intimate conjunction with alike procession of hot burned brick, which in the operation of cooling are made to give up their heatto the loaded procession or cars of green brick for drying, water-smok-l ing, and heating the same, and, further, in theV raising of the heat to the burning-point-of the brick, and finally projecting a heat heretofore unattainable -in the art of brick-burning for shrinking the same by causing the Watersmoke and gaseous products of combustion tofunife and burst into flame at the. pointwhere the intense `heat is necessary to make; the operation practicable, thus utilizing the water-smoke, which has been the chief factor heretofore in the retarding ofthe firing yof kilns, and converting the same into a fuel.

The object of my invention is to produce a kiln which will burn common brick more quickly and uniformlythan has heretofore beendone. l Y l My invention consists of a double tunnel provided with tracksor canals for the recep-v tion of cars or boats, said tunnels being paral-l lel to each other and inclosed by the same roof,

each tunnel being provided with furnaces in..

their external walls, by which they are heated, and a system of flues in thel ashes thereof,i which divert the flame to the brick to beburned and the waste products of combustion toward the incoming cars or boats to dry and clear the newly-made bricks placed thereon of ther Water-smoke, while at the same time ythe heat stages-viz., one in which the water-smoke is eliminated and the bricks raised gradually toa red heat; second, a period in which the bricks. are raised to awhite heat; and, third, a period in 'which the bricks are subjected 'to a regen-i u erator-flanle from the furnace, combined with the hydrogen gas formed from the watersmoke,which I term the period of shrink-A ing, or point in which the highest heat'is reached to convert the brick into pottery.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 isa.

IOO

longitudinal horizontal sectional view of the double tunnels with the cars therein. Fig. 2 is-a vertical sectional view taken on the line w of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detached view of a portion of the Carbody, showing the devices for forming the air-seal. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a central portion of the kiln through the furnaces on the line a: rv, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a top or plan view, partly in section, of the kiln, the ends being contracted, so as to show the direction of the products of combustion. Fig. 6is atop or plan view of a portion of the kiln, partly in section. Fig. 7 is aside view, partly in section, taken on the line m" w of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view of the kiln, with the cars removed, and taken on the line x :c5 of Fig. 5. Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of one of the arches, taken on the line z z of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional view of a kiln having canals instead of tracks adapted to receive boats loaded with the bricks to be burned. Fig. 11 is an end View, partly in section, of the platform ofa car partly loaded with brick. Fig. 12 is a side view, partly in section, of the ends of two cars, showing the setting of the brick and the fill.- ing between the cars to protect the couplings from the heat of the furnaces. Fig. 13 is a view, in perspective, of the platform used bei tween the cars on which the bricks arepiled.

A indicates the kiln, which is composed of two parallel walls, B and C, and a central or partition wall, D, dividing the kiln into two longitudinal chambers or tunnels, E and F, each covered by separate arches, which rest upon and are supported by the partition-wall D and the outer walls, B and C.

The kiln is by preference about two hundred feet in length, in order to receive eight cars twenty-five feet long in each tunnel,and about fteen or sixteen feetwide, the tunnels being wide enough to receive the cars or boats adapted to travel on tracks or float in canals located ineach tunnel. The inner walls or linings of the kiln at the furnaces, together with the central or partition wall, are composed of fire-brick or other fire-resisting material, while the outer walls are built of ordinary brick.

G are the furnaces located inthe outer walls of and occupy a position near the center of each tunnel, said furnaces being of the ordi nary kind, having the usual grate-bars, ashpits, doors, and draft-regulators. That portion of each tunnel adjacent each furnace is doub1e-rolled, so as to form a chamber or flue, H, leading from the furnace over the top and down one side of the tunnel, as shown in Fig. 2, where it opens, through numerous perforations, I, into the adjacent tunnel, exposing the brick on the car in this portion of the kiln to the direct action of the regenerative dame, while the brick on the car adjacent to the furnace receives the heat transmitted through the arch or-lining of the tunnel. The products of combustion, after passing through the bricks in the tunnel, as above described, enter a chamber or flue, K, Fig. 5, through perforai tions L, and are carried over the top of the tunnel to the other side of the kiln to the space or flue M left in the walls orlining of the tunnel along the entircsidc of the incoming brickto the stack N at this end of the kiln, for the purpose of heating that side of the tunnel and utilizing the tail of the flame throughout its entire length, the object in carrying the flame along this side of the kiln being to gradually heat the sides of the brick on the loaded car farthest from the outgoing hot brick and thus equalize the drying and heating process -and prevent the brick from becoming Warped, which would be the case in this portion of the kiln.

Thus far I have described the operation of one furnace only, but the same operation takes place in the othcrfurnace, its action serving to burn the brick in the adjacent tunnel, and the waste products of combustion being utilized in like manner to heat the entrance end of its par-. Y'

ticular tunnel to water-smoke the bricks.

The central or partition wall, D, from the furnaces to each end of the kiln is provided with numerous openings, o, Fig. 1, which virtually make these portions of the kiln one chamber, and through which the heat given off from the burned brick is transmitted to the adjacent tunnel to raise the temperature of the brick in this portion of the tunnel to a red heat before they are pushed forward to receive the more intense heat direct from the furnaces or which may he transmitted through their respective arches.

In giving a more complete description of the operation of the kiln I will slate that the cars containing the green or newly-made brick are admitted to the tunnels from the opposite ends ofthe kiln two atatime,one at each end, and are moved in the direction of the arrows as shown in Fig. 1, and that the heat from the burned brick on the outgoing cars in one tunnel, after they pass the furnaces, is utilized to water-smoke and heat to a red heat the bricks in the adjacent tunnel. For example, the bricks on the cars 1 2 3 in the tunnel E have been burned, and, in cooling, the heat passes through the opening o into tunnel F and heats the green brick on the cars 4 5 6, eliminating the water-smoke from the brick on cars 5 and 6 and heating the brick on car No. 4 to a red heat prior to being pushed into the furnacechamber P,where the transmitted heat from the furnace raises the temperature of the bricks to a white heat, where, after remaining the proper length of time, until another shift of cars is made, car No. 4 takes its position in front of the furnace in the opposite tunnel, where it meets with the reverberating flame from said furnace, and the temperature of the bricks isstill further raised until the shrinking or pottery point is reached. At this point I also utilize the watersmoke which has passed from the brick on cars Nos. 5 and 6, the same having passed forward in the tunnel and been raised to the proper temperature to ignite IOO IIO

when brought into contact and'mingled with the gases of the fuel used in the furnace, thereby producing a most intense heat and reducing the actual cost of fuel. 5 It will be noticed that by this construction of kiln the tires in the furnace are constantly kept at the same degree of intensity, as the work of burning anddrying is always thev saine, and, furthermore, the bricks being subio jected to gradually -increasing temperature,

there is no danger of loss by cracking.

The bottoms of the cars are protected from the effect of theheat by means of layers of asbestus, R, felt, or other suitable material, and

I5 sheet-iron, S, the sheet-iron being extended down the side of the car a short distance, so as to project into metallic troughs, T, secured to the sides of the tunnel, said troughs being adapted to hold water, so as to form a seal, which not only prevents the escape of the heat from the kiln,but also prevents the ingressof cold air. f

.In Fig. 13 I have shown a sheet-iron pan or trough, H2, adapted to lit between the cars and extend from one side of the cars to the other, and provided -With downwardlyprojecting anges l2, which project below the fire-line of the arches. These pans or troughs are designed to hold a lire-proof lling, K2, of asbestus or other suitable fire-resisting material, and on which, when placed in position between the cars, the bricks are piled. This arrangement not only iincreases the holding capacity of the kiln, but protects the ends ofthe cars and the 35 couplings from the direct action of the heat.

In Figstll and 12 I have shown the manner.

' would be otherwise 'wasted is utilized to heat `set forth.

2. A doubletunneled kiln of the character described, the furnacesof which projecttheir flames over their respective tunnels and into 6o vthe adj acenttunnel and into tlues, which conduct the waste heat back into chambersin the outer walls and arches of their respective tunnels and to the stacks,whereby the heat which .6

' 5 the entrance or front end of the tunnel, as set forth.

3. In double-tunneled kilns in which trains of cars carrying brick to be burned travel in oppositedirections, the partition-walls D, pro, 7o vided with the openings o, on a level with the bottoms of the cars and on each side of the furnaces, whereby the heat from the burned brick l is utilized to water-smokeland raise'the temperature of the brick on the cars nearest the 75 `furnace to a red heat, asset forth.

4. The combination ofthe nues. H, leading from the furnaces,through the openings Liuto the opposite tunnel, with the openings L, flues K, and spaces M, located -in the outer wall and 8c' arch of the entrance end of the tunnel, whereby the portions of the tunnels most remote froml the furnaces are heatcd, -as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' L.` W. SINSABUGH,

ALEX. MAHON. 

